Executive function can be defined as one’s ability to regulate one’s executive functions, whichgovern self-regulation. In ADHD, dysfunction in verbal learning, verbal memory, psychomotor speed, and sustained attention is observed.The prefrontal cortex mainly controls executive functions.
Let’s look at an example of a fictional character known as Mr Peter. Mr Peter, a 35-year-old single software professional, has decided to bake a cake.The sight and smell of a lovely chocolate cake fills his mind and waters his mouth.Mr Peter also suffers from Adult ADHD. The big question which determines his ability to complete the task of baking a cake can be given as an example of the difficulties he faces with executive function – that is, the “HOW” he goes about baking the cake. So he has a plan in the head but the “HOW” of going about to finish baking the cake is the executive function.
The way in which he approaches a task fundamentally encompasses executive function, and this presents a key challenge for individuals suffering from Adult ADHD. Let us explore executive function in relation to ADHD. It is evident that individuals with Adult ADHD experience difficulties with executive function to varying extents.We have observed music directors in Tamil films wielding a baton,guiding their orchestra through intricate gestures to create the most emotive music. This orchestration of a beautiful piece requires a higher-order function EXECUTIVE FUNCTION. It involves knowing when to soften the flute to accentuate the drums, and so forth. The principal brain region responsible for these functions is the FRONTAL LOBE. As the name suggests, the frontal lobe is situated at the front of the brain.
Now, let us return to Mr Peter, who is attempting to bake a cake, and consider the various steps involved. The first requirement is WILLPOWER—the motivation to begin assembling that cake. Next comes the preparation phase. He must compile a list, allocate time to purchase the ingredients, measure them accurately, arrange every thing needed, and remember the recipe instructions to bake a chocolate cake.The third step is PERSISTENCE—the perseverance to dedicate time and energy to completing the baking processing upto the final touches.
Finally,there is PERSISTENCE IN PERFORMANCE,which entails maintaining the same level of commitment throughout the task untilits completion. These steps may be impacted to varying degrees in individuals with executive dysfunction, asobserved in ADHD.Executive functions include the following:WORKING MEMORY, TIME SENSE, INHIBITORY RESPONSE, EMOTIONAL SELF-CONTROL,SELF-ACTIVATION, AND THINKING AND PLANNING. We also know that there are lower levels of neurotransmitters (which is a medical term for chemicals which act as communicators between brain cells), such as norepinephrine and dopamine, in ADHD. Lower levels of these neurotransmitters are found in ADHD.
In the following blogs, we will discuss the neuroscience of ADHD, tests for executive functions, the neurotransmitters involved, and the brain areas involved in ADHD. Once an understanding of the aetiology and processes behind ADHD, people are much more well-informed and know how medications prescribed for ADHD work. These blogs aim to make sure that all questions in your mind on ADHD are answered and will help with compliance with medications.
Understanding the history of ADHD is crucial for recognizing its symptoms and seeking appropriate Adult ADHD Treatment Options. If you or someone you know struggles with executive dysfunction due to Adult ADHD, ChennaiMinds offers various Adult ADHD Therapy options.
